OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE AND HISTORY Candriam, société en commandite par actions (“Candriam”) was created in 1999 and became a registered investment adviser with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on December 4, 2014. In July 2022, Candriam merged with its affiliates, Candriam Belgium S.A. and Candriam France S.A.S., with Candriam being the sole surviving entity. Candriam is a European multi-specialist asset manager with a track record of more than 20 years and a team of more than 600 professionals. Candriam operates management offices in Luxembourg, Brussels, Paris and London, and has client representatives in more than 20 countries throughout continental Europe, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Middle East. Candriam has a network of branches located in Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, Germany, the United Kingdom, Dubai and the United States. Candriam is owned by Candriam Group S.a.r.l (formerly “New York Life Investment Management Global Holdings S.à r.l.”), which is wholly-owned by New York Life Insurance Company (“New York Life”). Founded in 1845 and headquartered in New York, New York Life is a mutual life insurance company that is one of the largest life insurers in the world. CANDRIAM’S ADVISORY SERVICES Candriam provides asset management services to clients globally. This brochure has been prepared to provide information to Candriam’s US clients. Candriam’s US clients currently include pooled investment vehicles (i.e., one or more private funds (each, a “Private Fund”) and

registered investment companies). Candriam also serves as an Index Consultant to IndexIQ LLC (“IndexIQ”) with respect to certain indices that IndexIQ ETFs seek to track. Candriam develops appropriate standards and methodology for the indices, and for their implementation. Candriam also provides periodic updates and reviews of the methodology of the indices. Under investment sub-advisory agreements, Candriam serves as subadvisor and, subject to applicable law, may enter into agreements with advisers to provide portfolio design and related advisory services. Where relevant to a US client, however, this brochure provides additional information about Candriam’s non-US advisory business. Candriam provides discretionary and non-discretionary investment advisory services to its clients. As of December 31st, 2023, Candriam had approximately $ 160 billion of assets under management.1 Candriam offers a variety of investment strategies that clients can select depending on their investment objectives. Clients can impose reasonable restrictions or limitations on how Candriam manages their accounts. These restrictions or limitations generally appear either in the client’s investment management agreement or in other investment guidelines, including a prospectus or other offering document. Additional information about this process can be found under Item 16. General information about investment strategies offered by Candriam can be found under Item 8. Candriam does not currently participate in wrap fee programs.